负电性的理解会帮助我们对分子内的作用力更好的理解，而这也恰恰是中国学生比较难理解的地方。
The different affinities of atoms for the electrons in a bond are described by a property called electronegativity: the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.
The effect of an electric field on hydrogen fluoride molecules. (a) When no electric field is present, the molecules are randomly oriented. (b) When the field is turned on, the molecules tend to line up with their negative ends toward the positive pole and their positive ends toward the negative pole.
The relationship between electronegativity and bond type is shown in Table 8.1. For identical atoms (an electronegativity difference of zero), the electrons in the bond are shared equally, and no polarity develops. When two atoms with very different electronegativities interact, electron transfer can occur to form the ions that make up an ionic substance. Intermediate cases give polar covalent bonds with unequal electron sharing.